What is a VSD?

A ​ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a congenital heart defect in which there is an opening or hole in the septum (the wall) between the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. This hole allows oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to mix with oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle. The severity of VSD can vary, depending on the size and location of the defect. Small VSDs may close on their own or may not cause any significant symptoms. However, larger VSDs can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, rapid breathing, poor feeding, sweating during feedings, slow weight gain, and fatigue. Treatment for VSD may include medication and monitoring in mild cases, while moderate to severe cases may require surgery or other interventions to repair or close the hole in the septum. Without treatment, VSDs can lead to serious complications such as heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and other heart-related issues.